This Learning Path begins by introducing you to Tkinter and PyQt, before guiding you through the application development process. As you expand your GUI by adding more widgets, you'll work with networks, databases, and graphical libraries that enhance its functionality. You'll also learn how to connect to external databases and network resources, test your code, and maximize performance using asynchronous programming.
In later chapters, you'll understand how to use the cross-platform features of Tkinter and Qt5 to maintain compatibility across platforms. You'll be able to mimic the platform-native look and feel, and build executables for deployment across popular computing platforms. By the end of this Learning Path, you'll have the skills and confidence to design and build high-end GUI applications that can solve real-world problems. Harwani What you will learn Visualize graphs in real time with Tkinter's animation capabilities Use PostgreSQL authentication to ensure data security for your application Write unit tests to avoid regression when updating code Handle different signals generated on mouse clicks using QSpinBox and sliders Employ network concepts, internet browsing, and Google Maps in UI Use graphics rendering to implement animations in your GUI Who this book is for If you're an intermediate Python programmer looking to enhance your coding skills by writing powerful GUIs in Python using PyQT and Tkinter, this is an ideal Learning Path for you.
A strong understanding of the Python language is a must to grasp the concepts explained in this book. Download Python Kompendium books ,. Download Raspberry Pi For Python Programmers Cookbook books , Over 60 recipes that harness the power of the Raspberry Pi together with Python programming and create enthralling and captivating projects About This Book Install your first operating system, share files over the network, and run programs remotely Construct robots and interface with your own circuits and purpose built add-ons, as well as adapt off-the-shelf household devices using this pragmatic guide Packed with clear, step-by-step recipes to walk you through the capabilities of Raspberry Pi Who This Book Is For Readers are expected to be familiar with programming concepts and Python where possible Python 3 is used , although beginners should manage with the help of a good Python reference book and background reading.
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It is an easy-to-follow and step-by-step guide with examples of various feature integration suitable for any search application. Written in straightforward language for those with no programming background, this book will teach you how to use Python for your research and data analysis. Instead of teaching you the principles and practices of programming as a whole, this application-oriented text focuses on only what you need to know to research and answer social science questions.
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Familiarity with Python and electronics will aid understanding the concepts in this Learning Path. As you work through each chapter, you will build your skills and apply them as you progress. You will learn how to build text classifiers, predict sentiments in words, develop applications using the popular Tkinter library, and create games by controlling graphics on your screen. You will harness the power of a built in graphics processor using Pi3D to generate your own high-quality 3D graphics and environments.
Get to grips with monitoring sensors to gather real-life data, using it to control other devices, and viewing the results over the internet. You will apply what you have learned by creating your own Pi-Rover or Pi-Hexipod robots. You will also learn about sentiment analysis, face recognition techniques, and building neural network modules for optical character recognition. Finally, you will learn to build movie recommendations system on Raspberry Pi 3. Conditionals are the mouse is returned.
From this, the system infers that also inferred for special cases and exceptions. For exam- the procedure should be exited upon button press. The MyMenu procedure is now complete. Iterations and Although the textual description of the designer's conditionals are discussed in sections 5.
Once created, the picture or interaction can to guess w h e n actions should happen during the execution be edited, and the menu can used as part of other user of an interaction. For example, a highlight bar might be interfaces. This type of inferencing is described in section 6. General Principles of Peridot One problem with all demonstrational systems is that the user's actions are almost always ambiguous. The sys- tem cannot usually k n o w why the person did a particular action.
This is especially true when the system attempts to infer a general case from a particular example. For instance, when an item is selected, does the user mean that particular item, an item with a similar name, an item iStraight and curved lines,and individual pixelsshould be easy to add at that particular place on the screen, an item with the in the future, ifneeded. Depending on the drawing function in use, the second object may obscure parts of the first object.
For this reason, Peridot never changes the order for drawing objects although the designer is allowed to do this, of course. The calculation order may be When the designer draws an object and a rule's test changed, however, if a property of an object to be drawn succeeds, Peridot queries the designer whether to apply the later is needed.
If the system has guessed wrong, the designer rectangle even though the rectangle must be drawn first. If the system is correct, the designer order before the drawing commences. For example, the system may decide that a box is inside 5. L Inferring Object-Object Relationships another box with a border of 13 pixels all around, and the The object-object relationships that are inferred deal designer may decide to use 15 pixels instead.
Of course, it with the position and size properties of the objects. The may be the case that no rule is found or that the appropri- other properties color, value, font, etc. In should depend on some other object or parameter. In the this case, the designer will usually modify the drawing so example of section 3 above, the colors of the rectangles that the test will succeed, but it is also possible to expli- were constant, but the values for the strings were expli- citly pick a rule to apply.
The designer can explicitly specify two the "StringFromSelect" menu command. In this represented in Peridot as a simple condition-action rule. When appropriate the condition , a message to be used to ask defining the presentation of the user interface, the order is: the designer whether the rule should be applied, and an 1 the selected object the designer can explicitly select an action to cause the objects to conform to the rule.
The object to apply the rules to , 2 the previous object that Appendix lists some sample rules from Peridot. The rules was created, and 3 the objects in the vicinity of the new are currently expressed in LISP so the designer will not be object. When defining the interaction portion of the user able to add new rules. It is very easy, however, for a LISP interface, the order for checking is: 1 the selected object, programmer to modify the rule set.
The system stops searching when an object and a appear to be a small number of rules required to handle rule are found that completely specifies all of the positional existing interfaces. In an informal survey of a number of and shape properties of the new object.
Direct Manipulation interfaces, about 50 rules seemed to Occasionally some of an object's properties may be sufficient. In order to allow for human imprecision, depend on one object and other properties depend on a however, some leeway must be given to the designer as to different object. For example, the highlight bar in a menu the placement and size of objects, so the drawings will not may have the same height and "y" value as the string, but be exact.
For example, the designer may want one box to the same width and "x" as the surrounding box see Figure be inside another box with a border of 3 pixels all around, 4. To handle this case, there are rules in Peridot that but actually draw it with a border of 5 on one side and 2 only define some of the properties of objects.
These rules on another. Therefore the tests in Peridot for whether to are marked as "incomplete" so that Peridot knows to try apply a particular rule have thresholds of applicability. The conflict resolution strategy is incomplete. This ord- 2There are a small n u m b e r of special rules that test a group of objects.
This is necessary, for example, to m a k e the size of a box depend on the ering is changed based on the types of the objects being s u m of the sizes of all the items inside it.
Therefore, the same rules elements of a list are displayed 3. Other objects may also will be applied whether an object is created from scratch, be involved in the iteration, however.
For example, in Fig- by copying some other object, or by transforming an exist- ure 2, there are black boxes and white boxes for each ing object. Since Peridot generalizes from the results of the string taken from the list. Peridot therefore will also operations, and not traces of the actions like many previ- include these in the iteration. Inferring Conditionals to be easily edited. For example, if the designer makes an Conditionals are important in user interfaces for error when drawing an object or wants to change an exist- specifying exceptions and special cases.
As an example of ing object, he can simply correct it and Peridot will an exception, a procedure might display a list of strings automatically apply the rules to the new version. However, if one of the strings is a list, then the The relationships that Peridot infers can be thought of first element of the list might be the string to be displayed, as constraints [Borning 79][Olsen 85] between the two and the rest of the list might be a sublist to select from objects.
Although the relationships are inferred in one after this element is selected. With special cases, the direction e. For example, a check m a r k may signal automatically reversed, if necessary. For instance, the the current value from a set of choices, as in Figure 2. When it is later changed to depend on the what action or actions to perform the " T H E N " part.
Peri- width of the widest string Figure 3e , Peridot automati- dot supports this by having the designer specify the gen- cally reverses the constraint with the black rectangle so eral case as described above, and giving the "Conditional" black rectangle's width depends on the white rectangle, command to Peridot.
The designer then selects the item and similarly for the grey and black rectangles. For an exception, Usually, the first object tested is the correct one to Peridot tries to infer why it is different, and for a special apply rules to and the first rule whose test succeeds covers case, it tries to infer when the graphic should occur. The all of the properties of the object. This is of a parameter should determine whether the conditional because the designer does not have to know how to choose should apply.
For example, the parameter CurrentMode in which of the 50 possible relationships apply and what the Figure 2 determines when to display the check mark. After Peridot knows the "IF" part, it then allows the 5. Inferring Iterations designer to demonstrate the " T H E N " part, if it is not A recognized problem with all Direct Manipulation already displayed, using the same techniques as for any systems is t h a t repetitive actions are tedious.
For exam- other picture. Therefore, Peridot consistent with the new procedure. This causes any addi- watches the designer's actions to try to infer when two pre- tional places where the condition applies to be displayed vious actions might be part of a loop. If they appear to be, correctly, which should help the designer spot any errors it queries the designer as to whether a loop is intended.
If in the conditional. As an example, if the 6. S p e c i f y i n g the I n t e r a c t i o n for a User Interface designer copies the first two strings from a list of strings One of Peridot's primary innovations is to allow the and displays them stacked vertically as in Figure 3c , interaction portion of a user interface to be specified by Peridot asks the designer if the rest of the strings should demonstration.
This operates in a similar manner to the be displayed in the same manner. If the designer agrees, presentation component. The major change is the addition Peridot calculates how to display the rest of the strings in of input devices which can determine when actions should a similar m a n n e r as the first two as in Figure 3d and the take place and the parameters for those actions. Clearly, this assumes t h a t the objects will be related in some linear fashion, and it will not handle some types of layouts.
Our claim is that these unusual layouts iteration should occur for some integer n u m b e r of times, where the in- are extremely rare in real user interfaces and Peridot will teger may be constant or depend on the value of some variable.
Current Status The design and implementation of Peridot are not complete as of the time of this writing May, The inferencing mechanisms in Peridot are working, and the presentation component is mostly complete: object-object inferencing is working, iterations are inferred, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, and conditionals are designed but not a b implemented, although they are expected to be a straight- F i g u r e 5.
For the interaction component, the A simulated "mouse" pointing device with three buttons. The device can be moved by pointing at the "nose" using a real correct inferences are being made, but the code generation pointing device , and the buttons can be toggled by pressing over is not implemented.
In b , the center button is pressed over the word "re- place". F u t u r e Work In addition to finishing the implementation of the parts of Peridot that are described here, other aspects of Ideally, the designer would simply use the various Peridot will be developed. Connections with application input devices in the same manner as the end user, but this programs will use "active values," which behave like con- has three main problems.
First, all of the end user's dev- tinuously evaluated procedures. These can be updated by ices may not be available to the designer for example, in either the interface or the application and the other will be designing the user interface for a flight simulator. Third, it may be difficult to keep the input device interface after it has been created, but it is a difficult in the correct state e. To support multiple input devices operating in actions.
Therefore, Peridot uses s i m u l a t e d devices by hav- parallel [Buxton 86], multiple processing for procedures ing a small icon for each input device see Figure 5. The and constraints will be added. In addition, multiprocessing designer can move these and toggle "buttons" to indicate and constraints should allow animations and complex echo- what the end user will do with the real input devices. Peridot will also be tested with a number of different user interface In addition, it is necessary to have a mode in which designers to ensure that the same guesses about relation- the designer can demonstrate what will happen using the ships apply to different people.
Although often more clumsy, this is necessary when there are time dependencies, such as with 9. Conclusions double-clicking or with animations that should happen at a particular speed 4.
In this case, there will be "start watch- Although not yet completed, Peridot already is capa- ble of producing a variety of graphical, highly interactive ing" and "stop watching" commands to tell Peridot when actions signify what the end user will do and when they user interfaces. Both the presentation layout and are Peridot commands.
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Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Isha Jain. A short summary of this paper. Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. Manoj E. Patil,, Ravi N. Mulchandani, Ravikumar R. Graphical User Interface for three Relational Database The main objective of the system is to enable a user work with Management Systems.
As a result, any database manipulation can be performed using single interface. Thus, this software can be used queries, forms and reports by a person with no knowledge of SQL. This collection of data is the market, many of them with friendly Graphical User referred to as a database.
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