Therefore, the sixth edition was written with a broader audience in mind. The changes made to the sixth edition reflect this broader audience. For a more complete discussion of the changes, please visit this site. Headings are used to help guide the reader through a document. The levels are organized by levels of subordination, and each section of the paper should start with the highest level of heading. For example, in a scientific report following APA style, a report contains three sections: Method, Results, and Discussion.
Each of these sections start with level 1 headings:. Refer to participants at the appropriate level of specificity. The manual provides the example of using "women and men" to refer to all human beings instead of only using man. Refer to participants how they wish to be called. Try to avoid labels if possible, but if this is not avoidable, be respectful.
Focus on the people and not the label. Spacing 4. Regarding punctuation in manuscript drafts, APA suggests using two spaces after periods ending sentences to aid readability.
This research project explores how to discuss palliative care with patients. Approximations 4. Use words to express approximations of days, months, and year. Reporting statistics 4. Use a zero before the decimal point with numbers less than one when the statistic can be greater than one. Include effect sizes and confidence intervals with statistics. This will allow the reader to more fully understand the conducted analyses. Use brackets to group together confidence interval limits in both the body text and tables 5.
The sixth edition includes a section 5. This section can help you decide when and how to display your data.
For example, your data might show that you are exploring data and information, or your data may serve a storage purpose for later retrieval.
Figures include graphs, charts, maps, drawings, and photographs. As a general rule, only include figures when they add to the value of the paper. If the figure merely repeats what is written in the paper, do not include it, as it does not add any new information to the paper.
Authors, editors, and creators are listed at the beginning of the citation with the last name first, followed by the first initial and the middle initial. If no middle initial is provided, then leave it out. The first and middle initial should each have a period, and there should be a space between them. If the name of an author, editor, or creator is listed in the middle of the citation such as with the "Book with An Editor and an Author" example , then the first and middle initial are first, followed by the last name.
Multiple authors are listed with commas in between them, even if there are only two. Titles of books are italicized and in sentence case. Titles of articles are not italicized and in sentence case. Titles of journals or periodicals are italicized and in title case. Subtitles occur after colons or dashes; use whichever one the source uses. The first word of the subtitle is capitalized.
Some sources do not have subtitles. Locations should always be listed with the state abbreviation if in the United States. Sometimes multiple locations are listed on a book. If so, use the first location listed or the main location. Each major portion of the citation should end with a period. Use the examples below to guide you in your use of punctuation in your citations. For books, citation information is contained in three main places: the cover, the title page, and the back of the title page.
Click on the type of source below to see the correct citation example. Plug in the information for your book using the formatting in these examples. Pay special attention to capitalization, punctuation, and italicization. A Book with One Author. Last, F. Title of book in sentence case: First word of subtitle capitalized. Location, XX: Publisher. A Book with Two Authors. A Book with Three Authors. Last Ed. Edition Other Than the First.
Title of book in sentence case: First word of subtitle capitalized 3rd ed. A Chapter from a Book. Title of chapter. An Ebook. After the title of the journal, use a comma followed by the volume number and the issue number. The volume number is italicized and the issue number with parentheses is not.
There is no space between them. For newspaper articles or any type of publication that is published very frequently, use the month and the day in addition to the year. Spell out the whole month don't use an abbreviation. For articles, the citation information is usually found on the details page for the article in the database where you found the article. Some articles also list the citation information on the article itself.
For scholarly articles, it is preferred that you use a DOI whenever possible. Almost all scholarly articles have a DOI. If you cannot find it, you can use this website to look up the DOI for your article. For popular articles newspapers, magazines, trade journals , use the URL web address. If you are using an EBSCOhost database, you will have to get a permanent link by using the "permalink" tool. This tool looks like a little chainlink icon on the right side of the details page for the article.
0コメント